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Hunt, S. (2005). Moving beyond silence: Women waging peace. In H. Durham & T. Gurd (Eds.) Listening to the silences: Women and war. Leiden, Netherlands: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers.
Hunt, S., & Posa, C. (2001). Women waging peace: Inclusive security. Foreign Policy, 124, pp. 38-47. Retrieved from http://www.huntalternatives.org/pages/8178_security_sector_
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Hynes, H. P. (2004). On the battlefield of women’s bodies: An overview of the harm of war to women. Women’s Studies International Forum, 27, pp. 431-445. doi:10.1016/j.wsif.2004.09.001
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International Alert & Women Waging Peace. (2004a). Inclusive security, sustainable peace: A toolkit for advocacy and action, 1: Introduction. Retrieved from http://www.huntalternatives.org/pages/87_inclusive_security_toolkit.cfm
International Alert & Women Waging Peace. (2004b). Inclusive security, sustainable peace: A toolkit for advocacy and action, 2: Conflict prevention, resolution and reconstruction. Retrieved from http://www.huntalternatives.org/pages/87_inclusive_security_toolkit.cfm
International Alert & Women Waging Peace. (2004c). Inclusive security, sustainable peace: A toolkit for advocacy and action, 3: Security issues. Retrieved from http://www.huntalternatives.org/pages/87_inclusive_security_toolkit.cfm
International Alert & Women Waging Peace. (2004d). Inclusive security, sustainable peace: A toolkit for advocacy and action, 4: Justice, governance and civil society. Retrieved from http://www.huntalternatives.org/pages/87_inclusive_security_toolkit.cfm
International Alert & Women Waging Peace. (2004e). Inclusive security, sustainable peace: A toolkit for advocacy and action, 5: Protecting vulnerable groups. Retrieved from http://www.huntalternatives.org/pages/87_inclusive_security_toolkit.cfm
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Lindsey, C. (2001). Women facing war: ICRC study on the impact of armed conflict on women, executive summary. Geneva, Switzerland: International Committee of the Red Cross.
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The Civil War
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Faust, D. G. (n.d.). Death and dying. Civil War Era National Cemeteries: Honoring Those Who Served [website], National Parks Service, U.S. Department of the Interior. Retrieved from: http://www.nps.gov/history/nr/travel/national_cemeteries/death.html
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Foner, E. (1988). Reconstruction: America’s unfinished revolution 1863-1877. New York: Harper & Row.
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Masur, L. P. (2011, July 9). Olmsted’s southern landscapes. The Opinionator/New York Times [website]. Retrieved from http://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2011/07/09/olmsteds-southern-landscapes/?_r=0
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“The Terrible Transformation.” (1998). Africans in America [website], WGBH Educational Foundation. Retrieved from http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aia/part1/narrative.html
“Tremé: America’s oldest African American Neighborhood.” (n.d.). NewOrleansOnline [website], New Orleans Tourism Marketing Corporation. Retrieved February 20, 2011, from http://www.neworleansonline.com/tools/neighborhoodguide/treme.html
Vandiver, F. E. (1991). Compromise of 1877. In E. Foner & J. A. Garraty (Eds.), The reader’s companion to American history. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, p. 210.
Williams, E. (1994). Capitalism & slavery. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press.
Zinn, H. (2005). A people’s history of the United States. New York: Harper Perennial.
Prison Industrial Complex
Alexander, M. (2012). The new Jim Crow: Mass incarceration in the age of colorblindness. New York: The New Press.
Andren, K. (2008, August 17). Prison factories produce a range of items, including hope. Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. Retrieved from http://www.post-gazette.com/stories/local/ state/prison-factories-produce-a-range-of-items-including-hope-406446/
Flatow, N. (2013, May 9). Private prison profits skyrocket, as executives assure investors of “growing offender population.” Think Progress [website]. Retrieved from http:// thinkprogress.org/justice/2013/05/09/1990331/private-prison-profits-skyrocket-as-executives-assure-investors-of-growing-offender-population/
Hargrove, D. (2013, June 23). He chalks the line: City attorney prosecutes man for writing anti-bank slogans in water soluble chalk. San Diego Reader, June 23, 2013. Retrieved from http://www.sandiegoreader.com/weblogs/news-ticker/2013/jun/23/he-chalks-the-line-city-attorney-prosecutes-man-fo/
Pa. judges accused of jailing kids for cash. (2009, February 11). NBCNews.com [website]. Retrieved from http://www.nbcnews.com/id/29142654/ns/us_news-crime_and_courts/t/pa-judges-accused-jailing-kids-cash/
Rough justice in America: Too many laws, too many prisoners. (2010, July 22). The Economist, July 22, 2010. Retrieved from http://www.economist.com/node/16636027
The Sentencing Project. (2013). Racial disparity. The Sentencing Project News [website]. Retrieved from http://www.sentencingproject.org/template/page.cfm?id=122.
Shapiro, D. (2011). Banking on bondage: Private prisons and mass incarceration. New York: American Civil Liberties Union.
Shuey, K. (2013, June 28). Lancaster man cited for sidewalk chalk message to governor. LancasterOnline [website], Intelligencer Journal/Lancaster New Era. Retrieved from http://lancasteronline.com/article/local/866749_Lancaster-man-cited-for-sidewalk-chalk-message-to-governor.html
U.S. Department of Commerce. (2012). Annual estimates of the resident population for incorporated places over 50,000. American FactFinder [web page], United States Census Bureau. Retrieved from http://factfinder2.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/ productview.xhtml?src=bkmk
Wade, L. (2013, Jan. 25). Race, rehabilitation, and the private prison industry. The Society Pages [blog], Sociological Images. Retrieved from http://thesocietypages.org/socimages/ 2013/01/25/race-rehabilitation-and-the-private-prison-industry/
Williams, E. (1994). Capitalism & slavery. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press.
Winter, C. (2008). What do prisoners make for Victoria’s Secret? Mother Jones, July/August 2008. Retrieved from http://www.motherjones.com/politics/2008/07/what-do-prisoners-make-victorias-secret
Labor History
Boyer, R. O., & Morais, H. M. (1988). Labor’s untold story (3rd ed.). Pittsburgh: United Electrical, Radio & Machine Workers of America.
Foner, P. S. (1975). American labor songs of the nineteenth century. Urbana: University of Illinois Press.
Foner, P. S. (1977). History of the labor movement in the United States: Volume III: The policies and practices of the American Federation of Labor, 1900-1909. New York: International Publishers.
Foner, P. S. (1980a). History of the labor movement in the United States: Volume II: From the founding of the A.F. of L. to the emergence of American imperialism (2nd ed.). New York: International Publishers.
Foner, P. S. (1980b). History of the labor movement in the United States: Volume V: The AFL in the progressive era, 1910-1915. New York: International Publishers.
Foner, P. S. (1982). Women and the American Labor Movement. New York: The Free Press.
Fowke, E., & Glazer, J. (Eds.). (1973). Songs of work and protest. New York: Dover Publications.
Greenway, J. (1953). American folksongs of protest. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.
Gunning, S. O. (1965). Sarah Ogun Gunning – A girl of constant sorrow. Sharon, CT: Folk-Legacy Records.
ICS World. (2013, February 20). Strike and labor unrest. ICS World website. Retrieved from http://www.icsworld.com/Private_Investigation_Case_Types/Strike_and_Labor_Unrest.aspx
Kornbluh, J. L. (Ed.). (1972). Rebel voices: An I. W. W. Anthology. Ann Arbor: The University of Michigan Press.
Learning Shop. (2013). Private investigation: Strike guidance. Online continuing education courses for private investigators and security officers, Learning Shop USA [website]. Retrieved from http://learningshopusa.com/private-investiation-strike-guidance/
Lively, G. (2003). West Virginia, coal resources, American citizens. Lively Roots [website]. Retrieved from http://www.livelyroots.com/things/celively.htm
Lomax, A., Guthrie, W., & Seeger, P. (Eds.). (1967). Hard hitting songs for hard-hit people. New York: Oak Publications.
Meltzer, M. (1977). Bread – and roses: The struggle of American labor, 1865-1915. New York: Mentor Book/New American Library.
“My tale of two cities – coming home to Pittsburgh.” (2008, November 24). Radio Free Tunes Weblog [blog]. Retrieved from http://radiofreetunes.wordpress.com/
Randall, K. (2008). 1913-1914 copper strike and Italian Hall disaster. February 2008 Oral History Digitization Project [website], Finlandia University. Retrieved from http://www.kentsgenealogy.com/finnamericanoralhistories/CopperStrike.html
Seeger, P., & Reiser, B. (Eds.) (1985). Carry it on! A history in song and picture of America’s working men and women. New York: Simon & Schuster.
Strike Force. (2011, June 16). Corporate governance. Strike Force Protective Services [website]. Retrieved from http://www.strikeforceprotectiveservices.com/Governance.php
UMWA. (n.d.). The Ludlow massacre. UMWA History, United Mine Workers of America [website]. Retrieved from http://www.umwa.org/?q=content/ludlow-massacre
The Civil Rights Movement
Bagwell, O. (Director & Producer). (November 28, 1994). Frederick Douglass: When the lion wrote history [TV movie]. Arlington, VA: Public Broadcasting Service.
Barnwell, Y., & Brandon, G. (1989). Singing in the African American tradition: Choral and congregational vocal music [Cassette tapes and manual]. Woodstock, NY: Homespun Tapes.
Carawan, G. (Prod.). (1990). Sing for freedom: The story of the Civil Rights Movement through its songs [CD]. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Folkways Recordings.
Carawan, G., & Carawan, C. (Eds.). (1990). Sing for freedom: The story of the Civil Rights Movement through its songs. Bethlehem, PA: Sing Out Corporation.
Hampton, H. (Exec. Prod.). (1987). Eyes on the prize: America’s Civil Rights years, 1954-1965. Boston: Blackside Inc.
Reagon, B. J. (Prod.). (1997). Voices of the Civil Rights Movement: Black American freedom songs, 1960-1966 [CD]. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Folkways Recordings.
Southern, E. (1971). The music of black Americans: A history. New York: W. W. Norton & Company.
Economics
APA. (2013). Effects of poverty, hunger and homelessness on children and youth. American Psychological Association [website]. Retrieved from http://www.apa.org/pi/families/
poverty.aspx
Baram, M. (2012, February 16). Los Angeles struggles with homeless crisis, lack of shelters. Huffington Post [website]. Retrieved from http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/02/16/homeless-shelters-los-angeles-america_n_1280909.html
Belanger, I. (2013, November 29). Record number of homeless students in the US in 2013. World Socialist Website. Retrieved from https://www.wsws.org/en/articles/2013/11/29/home-n29.html
Bruchey, S. (1968). The roots of American economic growth, 1607-1861: An essay in social causation. New York: Harper Torchbooks.
Chicago Coalition for the Homeless. (2013). Frequently asked questions about homelessness. Chicago Coalition for the Homeless [website]. Retrieved from http://www.chicagohomeless.org/faq-studies/
Cope, V., & Yahn, M. (2009). Understanding how the business cycle works and why we have depressions. Unpublished manuscript.
“Credit-ticket system.” (2011, September 27). Immigration in America [website]. Retrieved from http://immigrationinamerica.org/450-credit-ticket-system.html
Downing, S., Phillips, S. W., Sermons, M. W., Pelletiere, D., & Wardrip, K. (2009). Foreclosure to homelessness 2009: The forgotten victims of the subprime crisis. Washington, DC: National Coalition for the Homeless. Retrieved from http://www.nationalhomeless.org/publications/index.html
Edwards, A. (2012, August 10). New York acts quickly amid sharp rise in homelessness. The New York Times. Retrieved from http://www.nytimes.com/2012/08/11/nyregion/nyc-homeless-shelters-in-record-demand-new-facilities-planned.html
Edwards, J., & Morgan, M. (2003). Abolish corporate personhood. Philadelphia: Women’s International League for Peace and Freedom.
Edwards, J., & Valencia, A. (2002). Corporate personhood and the “right” to harm the environment. Campaign to Abolish Corporate Personhood. Philadelphia: Women’s International League for Peace and Freedom.
FAO. (2011). The state of food and agriculture 2010-2011. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.
Hagan, K. (n.d.). Deforestation: An international analysis [research paper no. X21]. Mandala Projects [website]. American University, Washington, D.C. Retrieved from http://www1.american.edu/ted/projects/tedcross/xdefor21.htm
Henry, M., Cortes, A., & Morris, S. (2013). The 2013 Annual Homeless Assessment Report (AHAR) to Congress. U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, Office of Community Planning and Development. Retrieved from http://www.npr.org/blogs/thetwo-way/2013/11/21/246589487/number-of-homeless-declines-again-but-gains-arent-universal
Markee, P. (2012, June 8). State of the homeless 2012. Coalition for the Homeless [website]. Retrieved from http://www.coalitionforthehomeless.org/pages/state-of-the-homeless-2012
Nace, T. (2003). Gangs of America: The rise of corporate power and the disabling of democracy. Berkeley, CA: Self. Retrieved from http://www.gangsofamerica.com/read.html
National Center on Family Homelessness. (2011). America’s youngest outcasts 2010. National Center on Family Homelessness [website]. Retrieved from http://www.homelesschildrenamerica.org/media/172.pdf
National Coalition for the Homeless. (2009). Homes not handcuffs: The criminalization of homelessness in the U.S. (factsheet). National Coalition for the Homeless [website]. Retrieved from http://www.nationalhomeless.org/factsheets/criminalization.html
National Coalition for the Homeless. (2013, May 22). Congressional caucus looks for solutions. Bring America Home [blog]. Retrieved from http://nationalhomeless.org/WordPress/
2013/05/congressional-caucus/
Sermons, M. W., & White, P. (2012). State of homelessness in America. National Alliance to End Homelessness, Homelessness Research Institute. Retrieved from http://www.endhomelessness.org/library/entry/state-of-homelessness-in-america-2011
U.S. Department of State. (n.d.). The Burlingame-Seward Treaty, 1868. Office of the Historian [website], U.S. Department of State. Retrieved from http://history.state.gov/milestones/
1866-1898/burlingame-seward-treaty
U.S. Conference of Mayors. (2013, December). Hunger and homelessness survey: A status report on hunger and homelessness in America’s cities. The United States Conference of Mayors. Retrieved from http://www.rwjf.org/en/blogs/new-public-health/2013/12/new_report_continue.html
“U.S. sees highest poverty spike since the 1960s, leaving 50 million Americans poor as government cuts billions in spending.” (2013, April 2). Mail Online/Daily Mail [website]. Retrieved from http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2302997/U-S-sees-highest-poverty-spike-1960s-leaving-50-million-Americans-poor-government-cuts-billions-spending.html
Wealth inequality in America. (2013). Solidarity, May/June 2013, pp. 14-19.
Webb, S. S. (1984). 1676: The end of American independence. New York: Alfred A. Knopf.
Collages
Prison Series Collages
Prison Collage #1: “The Prison Industrial Complex”
a disturbing reemergence of the debtors’ prison, See: Khalek, R. (2011, July 21).
Although mechanical cotton pickers are almost universally used on modern-day farms, Angola prisoners must harvest by hand. See: Schenwar, M. (2008).
America’s Plantation Prisons. See: Schenwar, M. (2008).
Banking on Bondage: Private Prisons and Mass Incarceration. See: ACLU. (2011, November 2).
Corporations using prison labor to grab even more cash. See: Teamster Power. (2013, May 17).
Mass incarceration has further weakened depressed communities by depopulating them. See: Shapiro, D. (2011).
On land previously occupied by a slave plantation, Louisiana prisoners pick cotton, earning 4 cents an hour. See: Schenwar, M. (2008).
The Pentagon and Slave Labor in U.S. Prisons. See: Flounders, S. (2013, February 4).
Photograph of Marissa Alexander [Graphic]. See: Salzillo, L. (2013, July 15).
Prison Labor Booms As Unemployment Remains High; Companies Reap Profits. See: McCormack, S. (2012, December 10).
Prison Labor: Relegalized Slavery [Graphic]. See: Prison Reform Movement. (2013, March 4).
private corporations are running prisons-for-profit, further incentivizing their stake in locking people up. See: Khalek, R. (2011, July 21).
Severe drug laws. See: Too many laws, too many prisoners. (2010, July 22).
There are over 4,000 federal crimes. See: Too many laws, too many prisoners. (2010, July 22).
Three strikes laws. See: Shapiro, D. (2011).
Too many laws, too many prisoners. Never in the civilised world have so many been locked up for so little. See: Too many laws, too many prisoners. (2010, July 22).
The trend of criminalizing homelessness appears to be growing. See: National Coalition for the Homeless. (2009).
21st-Century Slaves: How Corporations Exploit Prison Labor. See: Khalek, R. (2011, July 21).
US Has the Most Prisoners in the World. See: Vicini, J. (2006).
The U.S. prison population rose by 700% from 1970 to 2005, a rate far outpacing that of general population growth and crime rates. [Graphic] See: Shapiro, D. (2011). (p. 11)
we are even witnessing the reemergence of the chain gang. See: Khalek, R. (2011, July 21).
Prison Collage #2: “Marissa Alexander”
A Letter From Marissa Alexander. See: Salzillo, L. (2013, July 15).
The Battered Woman Serving 20 Years For Firing A Warning Shot. See: Salzillo, L. (2013, July 15).
The bullet ended up in the ceiling and no one was hurt. See: Salzillo, L. (2013, July 15).
Her abusive husband [even] claimed he meant to “lay hands on her” and that she did the right thing in trying to stop him. See: Salzillo, L. (2013, July 15).
In April 2010, Alexander, then 29, fired a warning shot to stop her abusive husband. See: Salzillo, L. (2013, July 15).
In 2011, black women were incarcerated at 2.5 times the rate of white women.…Hispanic women were incarcerated at 1.4 times the rate of white women. See: Phillips, S. D. (2012).
More than three-quarters of all reported staff sexual misconduct involves women who were victimized by male correctional staff. See: Phillips, S. D. (2012).
The number of women in prison, a third of whom are incarcerated for drug offenses, is increasing at nearly double the rate for men. These women often have significant histories of physical and sexual abuse. See: The Sentencing Project. (2013).
The number of women in prison increased by 587% between 1980 and 2011, rising from 15,118 to 111,387. See: Phillips, S. D. (2012).
Photograph of Marissa Alexander [Graphic]. See: Salzillo, L. (2013, July 15).
She was a battered wife and he was coming towards her again, fully intending to do her harm. See: Salzillo, L. (2013, July 15).
She was frail at the time, having just given birth days earlier. See: Salzillo, L. (2013, July 15).
Systematic abuse, beatings, prolonged isolation and sensory deprivation, and lack of medical care make U.S. prison conditions among the worst in the world. See: Flounders, S. (2013, February 4).
Women in prison are more likely than are men to be victims of staff sexual misconduct. See: Phillips, S. D. (2012).
Yet, Marissa Alexander was arrested and is now serving a 20-year prison sentence. See: Salzillo, L. (2013, July 15).
You are completely under the control of prison guards who carry pepper gas and long, black batons that some refer to as “spic and nigger beaters.” See: Ross, S. (2009, March 22).
Prison Collage #3: “The History of Labor in America”
a massive prison-industrial complex that generates billions of dollars annually for businesses and industries profiting from mass incarceration. See: Flounders, S. (2013, February 4).
A regular traffic developed in these indentured servants. Convicts provided another steady source of white labor. See: Williams, E. (1994).
After the Civil War, the black codes, debt peonage, the crop-lien system, lifetime labor contracts, vigilante terror and the convict-lease system were used to control the newly emancipated slave. See: Fraser, S., & Freeman, J. B. (2013).
America imprisons more of its citizens than any other nation in history. See: Khalek, R. (2011, July 21).
Blacks who broke labor contracts could be whipped, placed in the pillory, and sold for up to one year’s labor. See: Foner, E. (1988).
The convict lease system was expanded so as to provide employers with a supply of cheap labor. See: Foner, E. (1988).
convicts were leased to coal-mining, iron-forging, steel-making, and railroad companies, textile mills, oven makers, hat and shoe factories…Tennessee Coal and Iron; Kansas Wagon Company. See: Fraser, S., & Freeman, J. B. (2013).
[Corporate names]. See: Flounders, S. (2013, February 4); Khalek, R. (2011, July 21); McCormack, S. (2012, December 10); Pelaez, V. (2013, January 31).
from 1713 to 1780 over twenty thousand slaves were carried annually to America. See: Novack, G (1976).
The idea of indentured servitude was born of a need for cheap labor. Indentured servants became vital to the colonial economy. See: History Detectives (n.d.).
In 2009 total sales of prisoner made products totaled $2.4 billion. See: Sloan, B. (2011, September 21).
Just arrived in York River, with a Cargo of choice healthy indented servants, the Sale of which will begin at. See: Smithsonian National Museum of American History (n.d.).
the large number of workers required to grow and harvest cotton came from slave labor until the end of the American Civil War. See: Dattel, E. R. (2006).
The prison industry complex is one of the fastest-growing industries in the United States. See: Pelaez, V. (2013, January 31).
Prison labor is being harvested on a massive scale. See: McCormack, S. (2012, December 10).
The slave trade became a cornerstone of Anglo-American commerce. See: Novack, G (1976).
Trustee’s Sale. One Negro Woman Aged about thirty years, and her Five Children. See: University of Chicago Library (n.d.).
the Virginia Company: migrants, transported at Company expense from England to Virginia were sold to planters. See: Galenson, D. W. (1984).
we are even witnessing the reemergence of the chain gang. See: Khalek, R. (2011, July 21).
white servitude was the historic base upon which Negro slavery was constructed. See: Williams, E. (1994).
with an average pay of $0.93 to $4.73 per day. See: Khalek, R. (2011, July 21).
References for Prison Series Collages
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