Language

HEGE Series

Rabbit-Hole 01

• Humanity

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      • Lazar Puhalo

Language is facilitator of Reason. It is through Language that humans Reason.

See — Reason

List of languages by total number of speakers | Wikipedia
List of languages by number of native speakers | Wikipedia

Historic Language Prominence

Language	Geographic Area	Time Period
Koine Greek	Hellenistic Period; Byzantine Empire	23 BC - 33 BC; 286 AD - 1453 AD
Latin	Roman Empire;  Roman Catholicism	27 BC - 476 AD into 1700s
Italian	Western Europe - Renaissance	1300 - 1700 AD
Spanish	Spanish Colonial Empire	1500 AD - 1800 AD
French	French Colonial Empire	1600 AD - 1800 AD
English	British Colonial Empire;  American Western Globalization	1800 AD - 1945 AD; 1945 AD - present

List of Empires | Wikipedia

Behemoth, bully, thief: how the English language is taking over the planet
And becoming a lingua franca of sorts, or universal language of American western globalism, just as Koine Greek was the universal language of the Hellenic Period and Byzantine Empire. English, along with French, Spanish and Madarin Chinese represent (to those with "eyes to see and ears to hear") enormous evangelistic opportunity for the spread of Orthodoxy.

Lingua Franca | Wikipedia
At present...[Spanish] is the second most used language in international trade, and the third most used in politics, diplomacy and culture after English and French.

Italian language - Lingua franca | Wikipedia
Starting in late medieval times in much of Europe and the Mediterranean, Latin was replaced as the primary commercial language by Italian language variants (especially Tuscan and Venetian). These variants were consolidated during the Renaissance with the strength of Italy and the rise of humanism and the arts.
During that period, Italy held artistic sway over the rest of Europe. It was the norm for all educated gentlemen to make the Grand Tour, visiting Italy to see its great historical monuments and works of art. It thus became expected to learn at least some Italian. In England, while the classical languages Latin and Greek were the first to be learned, Italian became the second most common modern language after French, a position it held until the late 18th century when it tended to be replaced by German. John Milton, for instance, wrote some of his early poetry in Italian.

How And Why Did English Supplant French As The World’s Lingua Franca?
By the 18th century, classical French usurped Latin in international treaties, starting with the Treaty of Rasstatt (1714), which marked the end of the War of Succession in Spain. This was the beginning of French as a langue diplomatique....
French might have been spoken in the courts of Europe all the way to Russia — it is the language of the nobility, including Catherine II, who used it in correspondence and daily communication — but English was the language of money, and money talks louder than philosophy. The Victorian City of London was the financial center of the world and most of its business was directed outwards and overseas, not domestically.

Universal language | Wikipedia
The written Classical Chinese language is still read widely but pronounced differently by readers in China, Vietnam, Korea and Japan; for centuries it was a de facto universal literary language for a broad-based culture. In something of the same way Sanskrit in India and Nepal, and Pali in Sri Lanka and in Theravada countries of South-East Asia (Burma, Thailand, Cambodia) and Old Tamil in South India and Sri Lanka, were literary languages for many for whom they were not their mother tongue.
Comparably, the Latin language (qua Medieval Latin) was in effect a universal language of literati in the Middle Ages, and the language of the Vulgate Bible in the area of Catholicism, which covered most of Western Europe and parts of Northern and Central Europe also....
In a more practical fashion, trade languages, such as ancient Koine Greek, may be seen as a kind of real universal language, that was used for commerce.
In historical linguistics, monogenesis refers to the idea that all spoken human languages are descended from a single ancestral language spoken many thousands of years ago.
It could be said plausibly that mathematics is the universal language of the world that all are capable of understanding.