Racism
HEGE Series
Popular and Pervasive Stereotypes of African Americans
How America Bought and Sold Racism, and Why It Still Matters
Confronting Racist Objects
From Despicable to Collectible: The Evolution of Collective Memories for and the Value of Black Advertising Memorabilia
The Mammy Caricature
Mammy and Aunt Jemima: Keeping the Old South Alive in Popular Visual Culture
Where Has She Been and Where is She Going: The Evolutionary Portrayal of Black Women in Print Advertising from the 1960s to 2000s
Black Women’s Identity: Stereotypes, Respectability and Passionlessness (1890-1930)
Divided We Stand: American Workers and the Struggle for Black Equality
See —
Jefferson Cowie
Civil War
Pinnochio - Subversion by Disney & A.I.
— “By likening androids to American slaves, Dick is suggesting that the tendency to use others predates the invention of robots and is, in fact, as old as coercive behavior itself, which must be very old indeed since slavery is such an ancient human institution....”
My white friends trivialise racism by labelling everything racist. How do I tell them to stop?
— Moral Grandstanding
Subhuman Derogation
Racism functions primarily by degrading individual humans or groups of humans to the level of subhuman, so that they may be derogated and exempted from humane treatment; but even that is revealing of wrongdoing and has resulted in the animal rights movement — no one, not even nonhuman animals, deserve to be treated inhumanely.
Year of the Dog (film) | Wikipedia
Year of the Dog | IMDb
To Kill a Mockingbird book 1960 | Wikipedia
To Kill a Mockingbird (film) 1962 | Wikipedia
'Less Than Human': The Psychology Of Cruelty
Ideas of Race in Early America
...European, American Indian, and African “races” did not exist before colonization of the so-called New World. Categories of “Christian” and “heathen” were initially most prominent...
As economic interests deepened and colonies grew more powerful, classifications distinguished Europeans from “Negroes” or “Indians,”...
For Christians and Jews, scripture provided testimony that God “made of one blood all nations of men.”...
Initially, the Spanish employed the theory of natural slavery, a concept devised by Aristotle and reworked for Christians by Thomas Aquinas. Dominion was just because these people were uncivil, supposedly lacking cities and mastery of nature. The empires of Mesoamerica and the Andes, however, undermined this view....
Numerous writers elaborated the view of Indians as fundamentally deficient, but capable of being raised to Christianity and civility...
Another view, best represented by Adam Smith, stressed the appetites and passions over reason. Distinct modes of subsistence (hunting, shepherding, agriculture, and commerce) led to distinct forms of social organization. Progress came from increasing production and mastery over nature, which, in turn, increased specialization within societies and the transfer of knowledge among societies. Innumerable and occasionally contradictory ethnographic accounts from throughout the Americas, in turn, provided evidence for these theories.
The construction of Native “savagery” provided a foil for Europeans’ conceptions of themselves as “civilized” and the justification for dispossession. Convergence of ideas of “savagery” with those of lineage, in turn, provided crucial foundations for the emergence of “race” in the 18th century....
Benjamin Franklin believed the English and the Saxons provided “the principal body of white people” in the world. Franklin felt some white identity, but he excluded most non-English from its bounds, fearing that “swarthy” immigrants would “Germanize us instead of our Anglifying them” since they would “never adopt our language or customs, any more than they can acquire our complexion.”...
Racial ideas also provided a means of social criticism. The Methodist preacher William Apess (Pequot [tribe]), for instance, held up an “Indian’s Looking-Glass for the White Man” and he asserted “Indian Nullification” of unjust laws in a series of pamphlets in the 1830s. Apess and others drew upon tribal and Indian identities in an era when whites not only forced Indian removal to the West but also denied the existence of Native people who remained in the East.
Folk articulations of “white” or “African” or “Indian” identities proliferated in the mid-18th century. These racial identities played a crucial role in the U.S. early republic, where they provided the means of unifying diverse peoples who sought to wield power and those who attempted to resist it....
The earliest histories of the emergence of modern, biological ideas about race in the mid-19th century appeared in the civil rights era....Winthrop D. Jordan’s White Over Black: American Attitudes toward the Negro, 1550–1812, is the classic account of anti-black prejudice preceding racial slavery, and of the question of racial equality gaining new meaning from the American Revolution. George M. Fredrickson’s The Black Image in the White Mind: The Debate on Afro-American Character and Destiny extends the investigation through Reconstruction, stressing the difference of mid-19th-century racism from what preceded it....
Studies of Indians have focused on the emergence of ideas of savagery. The pioneering work, Roy Harvey Pearce, Savagism and Civilization: A Study of the Indian and the American Mind, recounted the ways that “savagism” provided a foil for whites’ sense of themselves.
Snow Falling on Cedars book 1994 | Wikipedia Snow Falling on Cedars (film) 1999 | Wikipedia There's no evidence of anger at Carl, much less rage, much less murderous rage, and no reason for premeditation, and no evidence of it, anywhere. He had asked his childhood friend Carl to sell him some land, and Carl was considering it, and Carl's own wife testified that her husband had not made up his mind. Strange moment to follow and kill a man, don't you think? What Mr. Hooks asked you to believe is that no proof is needed against a man who bombed Pearl Harbor. Look at his face, the prosecutor said, presuming that you will see an enemy there. He's counting on you to remember this war, and to see Kazuo Miyamoto as somehow connected with it. Indeed he is. Let us recall that first lieutenant Kazuo Miyamoto is a much decorated hero of the United States Army. Now, Kazuo Miyamoto did one thing wrong. He wasn't certain he could trust us. He was afraid that he would be made the victim of prejudice, as Mr. Hooks indeed is urging you to do, and there's reason in his uncertainty. Why? Well we sent him and his wife and thousands of Americans to concentration camps. They lost their homes, their belongings, everything. Should we now be unforgiving of his mistrust? Now, our learned prosecutor would have you do your duty as Americans, as proud Americans, and of course you must, and if you do Kazuo Miyamoto has nothing to fear, because this great country is supposed to be founded on a set of principles of fairness, of equality, and justice. And if you are true to these principles, you will only convict a man for what he's done and not for who he is. I'm an old man. I-I-I don't walk so well anymore. One of my eyes is close to useless. My life is drawing to a close. What I said, I-I say this because it means that I ponder matters in the light of death in a way that most of you do not, and I feel like a traveler descended from Mars, astounded by what I see. The same human frailty passed on from generation to generation. We hate one another. We are the victims of irrational fears, of prejudice. You may think that this is a small trial in a small place. Well, it isn't. Every once in awhile somewhere in the world humanity goes on trial, and integrity, and decency. Every once in awhile ordinary people, just like you ladies and gentlemen, get called on to give the report card for the human race. In the name of humanity, do your duty as jurors. Return this man to his wife and children. Set him free, as you must.
Dylan Marron
How to connect in a divided world | TED.com
Empathy Is Not Endorsement — Dylan Marron | TED
Empathy is key — not endorsement
Empathy is Not Endorsement
2020: Lead with Bold Grace
Daryl Davis
Daryl Davis | Wikipedia
DarylDavis.com
Accidental Courtesy: Daryl Davis, Race & America | PBS Independent Lens — Trailer
— “People always say to me, “Daryl how can you have all this stuff [KKK memorabilia]? Why don't you burn it?” As shameful as it is, you don't burn our history, regardless — the good, the bad, the ugly. And the Ku Klux Klan is as American as baseball, apple pie, and Chevrolet.”
History or Hate: America's Controversial Monuments to White Supremacy
Klan-destine Relationships | Amazon
Why This Black Man Attended KKK Rallies | YouTube
Daryl Davis is a master practitioner of conflict resolution, and that's what racism is — conflict between different ethnic groups of people. Unfortunately, just as many Caucasian Americans harbor racist attitudes, so many African Americans reject Daryl's m.o. as being that of an “Uncle Tom”, as being subservient to whites reminiscent of Jim Crow, and betraying allegiance to black brothers — the historic age old tension as was between Booker T. Washington and W. E. B. Du Bois, between Martin Luther King Jr. and Malcolm X (while a member of the Nation of Islam) or the Black Panthers.
Note in the video Why This Black Man Attended KKK Rallies how a black man who disagrees with Daryl treats him no differently than white racists treat blacks — refuses to listen to him, to give him the right to his opinion, and cuts off communication with Daryl, thereby destroying any opportunity for resolution. It's all or nothing, black against white and white against black, “my way or the highway”.
As Daryl says, ignorance breeds fear, fear breeds hatred, hatred breeds destruction. And the only way to overcome that is through patience and listening to the other person, giving them their say, the right to their opinion. Only through tolerance and acceptance, through civil agreeing to disagree on some things, can people come to change their opinions, and consequently their behavior.
Incivility only leads to divisiveness, violence and destruction. In response to white violence against blacks (segregation, beatings, murders, lynchings), black indignation, anger, rejection, and violence (radical militant, revolutionary rioting, looting, vandalism, and arson) only fan the flames of white racism. An “eye for an eye” only results in the loss of another eye, and does nothing to prevent the loss of more eyes in the future. Fighting fire with fire, only adds fuel to the flame of violence.
No wonder then, that Sophia (Divine Wisdom) instructed humanity to love both neighbor and enemy alike, and to not resist evil but turn the other cheek (Matthew 5:38-40). The Parable of the Good Samaritan is told to reveal that every human being is one's neighbor, not just those in the “hood” or in one's own family, kith, kin, clan, or Klan. The Eastern Orthodox Church teaches that the only enemy anyone has is the enemy of all humanity (and God) — the father of lies (satan) who hates God and wants to destroy everything He has created, especially humanity created in the image and likeness of God.
Humanity is one — one race, the human race, the Family of Man. There are multiple ethnicities and ancestries but only one human race. No human is the enemy of any other human. Anyone who considers another human their enemy is only someone taken captive by the father of lies, someone under the influence of the malevolent spirit of satan like Patty Hearst came under the influence of her captors, the Symbionese Liberation Army. Just as, hopefully, no one would abandon their brother to an addictive substance, but instead would tirelessly work to intervene to bring them out from under the influence and back to reality, so intervention of racism must be made in order to restore racists to their right mind, the mind of God, and to the human race, and their place in the Family of Man.
Humanity is better off when it mourns the loss of any and every brother and sister to the influence of evil of the father of lies, just as anyone might mourn the loss of limb to their human body, and not when humans instead vindictively and vengefully rejoice over destruction, death or demise of their presumed enemies under the delusion of having obtained justice. Destroying human evil doers does not destroy evil. Humans are created good, and are not evil, even when they fall under the influence of satan and do his evil will. Only destruction of the influence of satan destroys evil.
Christians should mourn the loss of Hitler and Stalin to the Family of Man as suredly, and much more so, as they mourn the repose of any Saint of the Church. The Saints are safely in the hands of God, whereas the eternal fate of evildoers who have succumbed to the influence of satan, like Hitler and Stalin are unknown. The Family of Man is maimed, is that much less with the loss of any member, no matter how corrupted by the influence of satan they may have become.
This is clearly communicated in the The Parable of the Lost Sheep where God leaves the 99% in His sheepfold in order to seek out, to find, and to save the 1% that is lost from their rightful home of comm-union with Him. The 1% when referenced today is understood to be the extremely wealthy, who possess or control the majority of the wealth of the USA, the American plutocratic oligarchy which owns the US government, who are lost to the Love of Money otherwise they would not live so high on the hog as they do, or pursue yet more wealth when they already have more than anyone needs.
Loving enemies is a hard and high calling, for sure. But as is said, “If it were easy, then everyone would do it.” And as G.K. Chesterton once wrote, “The Christian ideal has not been tried and found wanting. It has been found difficult and left untried.” What is humanly impossible is possible with God, for humans in the service of God, in comm-union with Him (Luke 18:27). Such is the stuff of what real treasure is made that is stored away in the safekeeping of the Kingdom of Heaven, where it cannot be touched (Matthew 6:19-21).
But the West with its addiction to Mammon, to material treasure, never learned and has yet to learn that lesson, which is why racism exists in the first place. The whole reason humans were abducted from West Africa, brought to the Western Hemisphere and enslaved was in order to extract from them labor at the very least economic cost possible, from which to obtain riches.
At the heart of Economic liberalism of the West is Love of Mammon, Love of Money, of material riches. Economic liberalism is the Western economic policy that has been and is being globalized. That it has once again resurfaced as the Western m.o. (after being discredited for its malevolent side effects, and given a brief reprieve by enactment of Keynsianism), indicates there will be need for much ongoing intervention. Just as the ideology of racism has remained after the slaves were freed, the ideology of Economic liberalism remains even should the ideology of racism be extinguished.
The ideology of racism walks hand in hand with the ideology of Economic liberalism, which functions along the same lines as racism — the lines of greaters and lessers, winners and losers, some who are destined to live in squalor so that others may deserve great riches. Economic liberalism is the creator of the “dog eat dog” social world, of Social Darwinism, where the strongest (the biggest bullies) deserve to survive and are sanctioned to eat the weak alive. Physical slavery was an early tactic of Economic liberalism. Wage slavery is the legacy of physical slavery, and still a practice of Economic liberalism.
There will always be racists and enslaved humans as long as there are stiff necked, arrogant, selfish, unrepentant human hearts, and the ideology of Economic liberalism is practiced as if it's the greatest possible good, the best of all possible worlds, and the saviour of mankind. It must be remembered that until the Parousia (Second Coming of Christ), mammon (the material world) is under the influence and power of satan, which is why Mammon is a master in opposition to God, and why the Love of Money (mammon, materialism) is the root of all evil.
Humans were created to be Servants of God, not Mammon. When humans forsake God for Mammon, all hell breaks loose, polluting the good of Creation with the evil of delusion, the unreality of the lie of the father of lies.
18 Bible Verses about Love Your Neighbour
15 Bible Verses About Loving Your Enemies
See — Subhuman Derogation, Preemptive Strike, Ethnicity, Teutonic
Leadership: A Conversation with Daryl Davis and Sam Shriver | YouTube
Ignorance breeds fear. Fear breeds hatred. Hatred breeds destruction.
If you want to solve this issue [of racial hatred and violence], we need to stop addressing the symptoms. We need to stop addressing the hatred, stop addressing the fear.
Go to the source and fix the source. Address the ignorance. If you get rid of the ignorance, then there's nothing to fear, because you know it. You fear what you're ignorant of. Okay?
You fix the ignorance, there won't be any fear. If there's no fear, there's nothing to hate. If there's nothing to hate, then there's nothing to destroy.
So go to the source. Fix the ignorance, and you fix ignorance with education. You bring enlightenment, and you alleviate the ignorance. All right?...
Mary [Daryl's secretary] and I packed up, headed back down the road, and in my car I said to her, I said “You know I really like Roger Kelly [the Imperial Wizard (national leader) of the KKK in Maryland].” Her head almost hit the ceiling of my car. She was like “Yeah he doesn't like you. Yeah, what do you like about him?”
And I said, “Well, I don't like what he stands for, but I like him as a person. We have more in common than we do in contrast. Most of what we have in contrast is how we each feel about race.
He feels he is superior to me. I feel I am equal to him. He feels we have to be apart. I feel we can be together. But on other matters we agree on a lot of stuff, except when it comes to racial matters.
So you know what? I am going to stay in contact with him.”
And I would stay in contact with him. I interviewed people all over the country. Some would talk to me, some would not talk to me. Some wanted to fight me as soon as they saw me. Those who would talk to me, I would stay in contact with....
Over time, Mr. Kelly began questioning his own ideology through our conversations, and one day he left the Klan. He called me and wrote me a letter saying in a sense he was sorry for anything that he had done that ever offended me, you know. He left the Klan, and he gave me his robe and hood, and now I own that. I have a bunch of those things, over time you know, but he no longer believes in that ideology anymore.
I won't say I converted him, but I was the impetus for his conversion. He converted himself, but it came through conversation, just talking, you know, listening to one another.
I think in this country, we spend too much time talking about the other person, or talking at the other person, or talking past the other person. What I prefer to do is sit down and talk with the other person. And I have this theory that when two enemies are talking they're not fighting, they're talking. They might be yelling and screaming and beating their fists on the table to make a point, but at least they're talking. They're not fighting.
It's when the talking ceases, when the conversation ceases that the ground becomes fertile for violence. So we want to keep the conversation going. If you spend five minutes with your worst enemy you will find something in common. If you spend ten minutes, you'll find even more, and if you begin to nurture those commonalities, you're building the relationship. If you nurture that relationship, you're building a friendship.
How can you sit down with somebody face-to-face like we're doing right now, — and the person speaks the same language you do, that person wants the same things for his or her family that you want for yours — how can you hate them sitting there looking at them and learning all this about them? It's a little harder you know.
So as you nuture that relationship, you're building a friendship, and then all those things that you had — you find even more commonalities — and all those things you had in contrast, like which church you went to or synagogue or what pigmentation you have, begin to matter less and less, and that's what happened. And he left the organization [the Ku Klux Klan].
Can Conversation Help End Racism? Daryl Davis Says Yes | YouTube
Why I, as a black man, attend KKK rallies | YouTube - Ted.com
Daryl Davis: Can you change the mind of a racist? | YouTube
Daryl Davis Did the Unthinkable | YouTube
Klan We Talk? | YouTube
How One Man Convinced 200 Ku Klux Klan Members To Give Up Their Robes
Can people be ‘converted’ out of racism?
Daryl Davis, the black musician steering white supremacists away from hate
Daryl Davis: the black musician who converts Ku Klux Klan members
The Audacity of Talking About Race With the Ku Klux Klan
In the Lions' Den: A Conversation with Daryl Davis
Jamelle Bouie
Jamelle Bouie | Wikipedia
JamelleBouie.net
Booker T. Washington
Woke Agenda
'Dukes of Hazzard' stars respond to Confederate flag controversy
Angela Davis
Angela Davis. Revolution Today | YouTube